Margam literally means the "Path". It is the path taken by a Bharathanatyam recital as framed and codified by the Tanjore Quartet. The Margam
or the linear format of a traditional secular Bharatanatyam recital consists of
Alarippu, Jatiswaram, Sabdam, Varnam, Padam/javali,
Tillana and Sloka.
As described by the late T.
Balasaraswati, the format reflects a marvellous scheme of aesthetic
progression, as well as a unique architectural conception.The legendary
exponent of Bharatanatyam said:
“The
Bharatanatyam recital is structured like a Great Temple: we enter through
the gopuram (outer hall) of alarippu,
cross the ardhamandapam (half-way hall) of jatiswaram,
then the mandapam (great hall) of sabdam
and enter the holy precinct of the deity in the varnam. This is the space which gives the dancer expansive scope to
revel in the music, rhythm and moods of the dance. The varnam is the continuum
which gives ever expanding room to the dancer to delight in her
self-fulfillment, by providing the fullest scope to her own creativity as well
as to the tradition of the art. Padams
now follow. In dancing to padams, one experiences the containment, cool and
quiet of entering the sanctum from its external precinct. The expanse and
brilliance of the outer corridors disappear in the dark inner sanctum; and the
rhythmic virtuosities of the varnam yield to the soul-stirring music and
abhinaya of the padam. Dancing to the padam is akin to the juncture when the
cascading lights of worship are withdrawn and the drum beats die down to the
simple and solemn chanting of sacred verses in the closeness of god. Then, the tillana breaks into movement like the
final burning of camphor accompanied by a measure of din and bustle. In
conclusion, the devotee takes to his heart the god he has so far glorified
outside; and the dancer completes the traditional order by dancing to a simple
devotional verse”
Thus, while the margam can be
considered most suited to unfold the major dimensions of the dance, it cannot be
held that, unless it is used, a Bharatanatyam recital ceases to be
one. It must be noted that the use of Pusphanajalis and Mallari to begin a recital is relatively recent innovation
Attempt has been made to provide a few video clippings .